However, from the first year after grade retention (starting at +1), life satisfaction starts to improve continuously and increases in the middle and long term to become highly significant up to 0.53 scale points (at +2) and up to 0.83 scale points later on (at +3/ +5) compared to baseline.
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Critical Events throughout the Educational Career: The Effect of Grade Retention and Repetition on School-Aged Children's Well-Being.
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