Melatonin ameliorates necrotizing enterocolitis by preventing Th17/Treg imbalance through activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

Although the Th17-inducing conditions only resulted in an increasing trend of SIRT1 mRNA in the presence of melatonin at 6 h after stimulation ( Figure S5 A), the mRNA expression of SIRT1 was significantly higher in the melatonin-treated group than in vehicle-treated controls under Treg cell-inducing conditions ( Figure S5 B).

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