Incidence of necrotising enterocolitis before and after introducing routine prophylactic <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> probiotics.

Our apparent more-than halving of NEC risk with probiotics mirrors remarkably the highly significant risk reductions shown in large meta-analyses of RCTs and observational studies, 7–11 including that of a very large German observational study which also used Infloran. 22 While some quality improvements occurred in our NICU over the study period, the difference observed was not attributable to changes in the main important covariates assessed between epochs, including exposure to breast milk.

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