Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure.

1 h, the score distribution was negatively skewed (skewness value − 0.75); over 70% of patients had a CSS of ≥60, while 27.7% of patients had a CSS of ≥90. Validity Mean baseline CSSs were lower in patients with higher NYHA classes (91.9 for NYHA class I, 72.2 for class II, 57.4 for class III, and 54.2 for class IV), with a decreasing trend in the scores across NYHA classes ( p < 0.001, Jonckheere-Terpstra test) (Fig. 2 b & Table 3 ).

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