Arctic browning: Impacts of extreme climatic events on heathland ecosystem CO₂ fluxes.

These correlations were highly significant at early and late season (early: F = 13.41, df = 1,13, p < 0.01, late: F = 15.88, df = 1,14, p < 0.01) and near significant at peak season ( F = 4.312, df = 1.14, p = 0.057).

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4.2 Soil and ecosystem respiration Overall, R soil (dark CO 2 release from soil) was reduced in damaged and—with near significance ( p = 0.057)—in stressed plots across the three measurement periods (Figure 1 c).

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Multiple correlations using separate terms for past damage and recent browning were also significant at early and late season, resulting in higher estimated NEE 600 reductions (reaching 52% at early season), and were marginally significant at peak season, providing an estimated site‐level NEE 600 reduction of 29%. 3.8 Structural equation modelling Structural equation modelling supported the above analyses. “Browning Severity,” a latent, unmeasured variable (see methods) combining percentage cover of total browned vegetation (positive effect on Browning Severity) and remaining green ericaceous vegetation (negative effect on Browning Severity), had a strong, negative impact on both GPP 600 and R soil throughout the growing season (Figure 6 ).

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