Do dogs eavesdrop on human interactions in a helping situation?

This was non-significant for all four response variables, although there was a weak trend towards gaze alternating more at the helpful experimenter (looking: Estimate ± SE = -0.028 ± 0.201, z = -0.14, p = 0.889; interacting: Estimate ± SE = -0.065 ± 0.194, z = -0.336, p = 0.737; proximity: Estimate ± SE = -0.123 ± 0.158, z = -0.779, p = 0.436; gaze alternation: Estimate ± SE = 0.361 ± 0.201, z = 1.802, p = 0.071).

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After dropping the interaction, which was non-significant in all models, we did not find a main effect of experimenter position or test order in any of the four reduced models, although there was a marginal trend for the effect of experimenter position for looking and gaze alternation (see Table 3 ).

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