highly significantP < 0.0001
coluzzii populations An overall highly significant elevated levels of AChE (F 2, 237 = 55.93, P < 0.0001) and β-esterase (F 2, 237 = 159.0, P < 0.0001) activities were observed in both indoor and outdoor mosquito populations compared to the susceptible reference strain, Kisumu (Figs. 3 a–d).