Postoperative cognitive change after cardiac surgery predicts long-term cognitive outcome.

The reported incidence of POCD is roughly 50% shortly after surgery, with a decreasing trend during the following months (Knipp et al., 2008 ; Newman et al., 2001 ; Toeg, Nathan, Rubens, Wozny, & Boodhwani, 2013 ), but methodological differences, such as choice of outcome measures and variable definitions of decline, affect its recognition and reported incidence (Bhamidipati et al., 2017 ).

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