an increasing trendp < 0.01
Between 2015 and 2019, an increasing trend in the annual sporozoite rate was observed in the three major vector species both in the lowland (Chi-squared test: χ 2 = 9.04, df = 1, p < 0.01) and highland (Chi-squared test: χ 2 = 8.08, df = 1, p < 0.05) study sites (Fig. 4 ).