Dynamic RMST curves for survival analysis in clinical trials.

Based on the Cox PH model analysis, the difference between treatment and control groups was highly significant with p = 0.0023 (one-sided), adjusting for disease status at randomization.

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Given the long delayed effect observed in the survival curve and marginally significant test of Grambsch and Therneau [ 29 ], the PH assumption may be in doubt.

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Note that the p -value for RMST difference and ratio at the default τ = 9.496 years is 0.018 and 0.020, respectively. Figure 2 shows the dynamic RMST ratio and difference curve, where RMST difference has an increasing trend all the time but the RMST ratio seems plateaued around 1.5.

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