Potential adaptive divergence between subspecies and populations of snapdragon plants inferred from Q_ST -F_ST comparisons.

Similarly, there was no significant relationship between population pairwise F ST and population pairwise altitude difference for either subspecies (Figure 2c ), although Mantel tests showed a relationship close to significance levels in A. m. pseudomajus ( A. m. pseudomajus Mantel r = .23, p = .052, A. m. striatum Mantel r = −.3, p = .943). 3.3 Changes in phenotypic traits with altitude We found significant correlations between trait values (i.e., population estimates of marginal means) and altitude for two traits across A. m. striatum populations.

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Partial mantel tests showed that population pairwise Q ST was significantly correlated with differences in altitude for number of nodes (and marginally significant for number of branches, see Q ST vs.

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