While none of the available covariates had evidence for confounding (associated with both Pb and DNA methylation data), we included sex, race, and estimated cell-type proportions (granulocytes, nucleated red blood cells, B cells and monocytes) as covariates in the final models due to their highly significant associations with DNA methylation profiles in this study.
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Neonatal Lead (Pb) Exposure and DNA Methylation Profiles in Dried Bloodspots.
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