highly significantp < 0.001
Highly significant increases ( p < 0.001) in oestrus duration in queens in Treatments B, C and E, i.e., 27.1, 24.2 and 19.2 days, respectively, out of a maximum of 30 days, were all increased compared to the pre-treatment mean of 2.9 days and above the generally accepted mean of 7 days (range of 2 to 9 days) [ 18 , 19 ].