Furthermore, we confirmed our findings by quantifying the mRNA levels of ER stress markers using RT-qPCR, which showed an increasing trend in the expression levels of BiP ( HSPA5 ), GRP170 ( HYOU1 ), and TXNIP in MANF-KO cells ( Fig. 3 C and Supplementary Fig. 3 B ).
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Loss of MANF Causes Childhood-Onset Syndromic Diabetes Due to Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.
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