pmc-status-qastatus 0 pmc-status-live yes pmc-status-embargo no pmc-status-released yes pmc-prop-open-access yes pmc-prop-olf no pmc-prop-manuscript yes pmc-prop-open-manuscript yes pmc-prop-legally-suppressed no pmc-prop-has-pdf yes pmc-prop-has-supplement yes pmc-prop-pdf-only no pmc-prop-suppress-copyright no pmc-prop-is-real-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY Introduction The birth of chaos theory was highly significant because it made clear that unpredictable patterns in nature can arise without stochasticity, i.e., purely deterministically. 1 Many seemingly noisy systems were subject to reanalysis and reinterpreted as chaotic rather than stochastic, including examples from biology such as ecological dynamics, 2
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