Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z-drugs in Alberta, Canada and the risk of hospitalisation and death: a case cross-over study.

7 Data from the USA also show an increasing trend in coprescribing of opioids and BZDs 2 8 9 and 50% of opioid-related deaths in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada involved BZDs. 10 11 Furthermore, two large studies in the USA showed that concurrent use of opioids and BZDs carried a higher risk of hospital admission and mortality than opioid use alone. 2 3 However, the Canadian studies did not quantify the risk associated with concurrent use and the two US studies used populations limited to US military veterans and those that were privately insured which may not be generalisable to the Canadian population.

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