Faecal inoculations alter the gastrointestinal microbiome and allow dietary expansion in a wild specialist herbivore, the koala.

The koalas’ GI microbiomes both immediately prior to a phase and after a phase were equally highly significant predictors of messmate intake (B:F ratio, before: t = − 4.055, p < 0.001, after: t = − 4.090, p < 0.001; PC1 scores, before: t = − 3.890, p < 0.001, after: t = − 3.884, p < 0.001; delta AIC: B:F ratio = 0.201, PC1 scores= 0.068), while the koala’s GI microbiomes at capture were not (PC1 scores: t = − 0.522, p = 0.618).

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