Phasic activation of the locus coeruleus attenuates the acoustic startle response by increasing cortical arousal.

The ASR/N1 correlation was highly significant for each trial type (startle: r = 0.8, p < 0.0001; paired: r = 0.6, p = 0.01), but the correlation strength did not differ across arousal levels (Steiger’s Z: startle: Z = − 1.2, p = 0.1; paired: Z = 0.9, p = 0.2; Fig. 6 e,f).

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