Classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants.

Sub-analysis by psychedelic drug in healthy volunteers revealed a highly significant effect with a moderate effect size for both LSD ( N = 32, K = 2, SMD = − 0.757, CIs − 1.203 to − 0.311, p = 0.001; I 2 = 5.2%) (Dolder et al. 2016 ; Schmid et al. 2015 ) and psilocybin in negative mood reduction with low variability across studies ( N = 62, K = 4, SMD = − 0.671, CIs − 1.034 to − 0.309, p < 0.001; I 2 = 3.4%) (Hasler et al. 2004 ; Kometer et al. 2012 ; Kraehenmann et al. 2015 ; Wittmann et al. 2007 ) (Fig. 2 and table S2 ).

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However, a secondary analysis of psilocybin studies showed a marginally non-significant effect for reduction of depression between 7 and 15 days after treatment ( N = 41, K = 2, SMD = − 0.666, CIs − 1.374 to − 0.042, p = 0.065; I 2 = 13%) (Grob et al. 2011 ; Ross et al. 2016 ) (Fig. 3 and table S2 ).

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