Brief mindfulness-based training and mindfulness trait attenuate psychological stress in university students: a randomized controlled trial.

The AC group showed a decreasing trend in State Mindfulness (AC: Post – Pre = − 4.55, p = 0.06, p-adjusted = 0.09, d = 0.35).

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00 ± 1.03, p = 0.006, p-adjusted = 0.009, d = 0.72) and an increase for the mindfulness group (MT: Post–Pre = 2.65 ± 1.03, p = 0.01, p-adjusted = 0.01, d = 0.53), as well as a significant session effect for the Non-react facet (Session: F (1,38) = 4.62, p = 0.03; Post– Pre = 1.3 ± 0.60), where only an increasing trend in the mindfulness group was found (MT: Post–Pre = 1.45 ± 0.85, p = 0.098, p-adjusted = 0.14, d = 0.35; AC: Post – Pre = 1.15 ± 0.85, p = 0.19, p-adjusted = 0.19, d = 0.35) (Fig. 4 , Table 2 ).

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When 0.05 < p ≤ 0.10, we refer to it as marginal significance or a trend.

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