Assessment of airborne endotoxin in sandstorm dust and indoor environments using a novel passive sampling device in Al Zulfi city, Saudi Arabia - Establishing threshold exposure levels.

Hence analyzing endotoxins from the dust generated from sandstorm is highly significant because allergic responses such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis are the most common medical problems reported in Saudi Arabia and these conditions have a relationship with exposure to endotoxin and dust ( Mendy et al., 2020 , Pascoe et al., 2020 ) and the conditions are predominantly associated with inhalation exposure to sandstorm dust particles ( Ayoub Meo et al., 2013 ).

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