HIV-specific T cell responses reflect substantive in vivo interactions with antigen despite long-term therapy.

Strikingly, the slopes of change in Nef-specific responses were also unique in exhibiting highly significant direct associations with any on-ART virologic parameter after adjusting for potential confounding by pre-ART plasma viral load, pre-ART CD4 + T cell count, and years on ART at study entry — specifically, on-ART CA-DNA at study entry (adjusted r = 0.50, P = 0.012).

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