Divergence in Coding Sequence and Expression of Different Functional Categories of Immune Genes between Two Wild Rodent Species.

This showed that the effect of gene category (i.e., the difference in dN between genes encoding PRR and cytokines on one hand and those encoding signaling proteins and transcription factors on the other) remained highly significant ( F = 42.9, df = 3, 304, P < 0.0001) even when controlling for a negative correlation between sequence divergence and pleiotropy ( F = 5.04, df = 1, 304, P = 0.026), and an interaction between gene category and expression divergence ( F = 3.41, df = 3, 304, P = 0.018; see supplementary table S1 , Supplementary Material online for full model details).

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When controlling for potentially confounding factors (of which the gene category × sequence divergence interaction was statistically significant), the difference in expression divergence between PRR genes and other immune gene categories was marginally nonsignificant.

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