Differential and longitudinal immune gene patterns associated with reprogrammed microenvironment and viral mimicry in response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer.

8 Additionally, in a recent phase II study of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, TRG and TCD showed a highly significant association and, despite the small study size, a borderline significant relationship between TCD and progression-free survival was seen. 51 We also acknowledge the possible presence of sampling errors associated with biopsies and, consequently their gene expression; validation of these results in more contemporary studies with TCD analysis, ideally with multiple biopsies taken from the same tumor to account for intratumoral heterogeneity, would be worthwhile.

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A highly significant upregulation of interferon gamma response, allograft rejection and inflammatory response pathways was seen alongside several other significantly (FDR<0.2) upregulated pathways ( figure 7A ).

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