The PNA pattern has had a positive trend throughout the satellite era (i.e., since 1979; Fig. 1c ) and the spatial pattern of Arctic SIC change that is correlated with PNA change (Fig. 1b ) is very similar to the overall pattern of the SIC trends (Fig. 1a ), with the fastest sea-ice decline over the western Arctic (including the Beaufort, Chukchi and East Siberian seas).
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Acceleration of western Arctic sea ice loss linked to the Pacific North American pattern.
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