Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive axial presacral L5-S1 interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbosacral spine pathology: a retrospective clinical and radiographic analysis.

This technique has some disadvantages: there may be significant iatrogenic paraspinal injury caused by large incisions, dissections and muscle retraction that can lead to fatty degeneration of them and scarring; it may be difficult to correct coronal balance and to restore lumbar lordosis; in addition there could may be an injury of nerve roots due to retraction, causing fibrosis and chronic radiculopathy ( 25 ).

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