Comparison of predicted upstream regulators in the GIT during chronic LCMV, HIV ( Lerner et al., 2011 ), and SIV infections ( Kwa et al., 2011 ) indicated a high degree of similarity among predicted upstream regulators, with highly significant overlapping regulation by multiple components within the IFN pathways ( Fig. 3 G ) and through networks associated with immunomodulatory cytokines that sustain T cell function (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-27).
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A network of immune and microbial modifications underlies viral persistence in the gastrointestinal tract.
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