How important, for example, is a small third‐party risk and/or single episode of transmission (e.g., from a study participant to a third party) in the context of high local endemic transmission (and/or high average local levels of immunity)? Some individuals and communities may consider this additional risk negligible, while others may see each additional episode of transmission as highly significant—the views of stakeholders interviewed for this project held widely divergent opinions on this matter.
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Ethical issues surrounding controlled human infection challenge studies in endemic low-and middle-income countries.
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