Alternative strategies in cardiac preclinical research and new clinical trial formats.

Notwithstanding a positive trend in the past 5 years, 1 pharmaceutic output has been low for a long-time coupled with increasing costs to successfully launch a drug since the 1950s. 2–4 In fact, merely approximately 8% of selected drug candidates successfully pass all clinical phases and can eventually be introduced to the market. 5 The predominant reason for clinical trial failure is lack of efficacy, which hints at limited predictability and transferability of preclinical research to human patients. 6 , 7 Especially, the cardiovascular drug development appears to be in a drought.

also in 11,005 other papers