Translational activity is uncoupled from nucleic acid content in bacterial cells of the human gut microbiota.

There is a high correlation between the proportion of HNA and the proportion of PI+ bacteria (r = 0.74, p = .0136) and a borderline significant negative correlation between the proportion of HNA and the proportion of BONCAT+ bacteria (r = −0.62, p = .0548) ( Figure 2b ). 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing identified that these physiological cell fractions are distinct from one another and from the whole community.

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