highly significantp < 10 −4
Likewise, the colonies headed by 3-year-old neotenics showed a highly significant increase of TA in the soma of reproductives ( F 3,39 = 97.5 for heads and F 3,37 = 73.3 for abdomens, p < 10 −4 for both; q 13,9 = 10.8 for heads of kings, q (13,8) = 13.8 for heads of queens, q (12,8) = 12.8 and 10.1 for abdomens of kings and queens, respectively, all p < 10 −4 ), though the relative differences were less dramatic than in primary colonies ( figure 3 b ).