borderline significantP = 0.50
Conversely, in the study based in Japan ( n = 84), with women supplemented during pregnancy and lactation with FOS or a placebo, a borderline significant difference in the number of Bifidobacteria in the intervention group compared to the control group ( P = 0.50), and an increased number of Bifidobacterium longum species were detected ( P = 0.01) [ 31 ]. 3.5.