Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison.

In this study, within-group regression analysis showed an increasing trend of serum 25(OH)D levels, particularly for those aged 7–24 months recruited in the pre-outbreak period (June to December 2019), but these monthly increases became subtle after adjusting for UV index, perhaps because vitamin D levels in older infants are more affected by levels of exposure to UVB [ 30 ].

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Results: The ITS results showed no immediate reduction in serum 25(OH)D level among infants, but a decreasing trend was observed in the subsequent months post-outbreak at a monthly decline rate of −6.32 nmol/L.

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