Lactobacillus sakei Pro-Bio65 Reduces TNF-α Expression and Upregulates GSH Content and Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities in Human Conjunctival Cells.

15 , 16 Such observations may be significant in considering the critical role of oxidative stress in inflammatory processes and, consequently, in the pathogenesis of ocular disorders, such as dry eye disease, cataracts, and pterygium, macular degeneration, keratoconus, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. 17 , 18 Although several health benefits are associated with probiotics, many concerns arose about shelf-life and safety problems. 19 To reduce the possibility of risk of bacterial translocation and infection, the use of paraprobiotics, nonviable bacteria cells or bacterial components, is a valuable alternative.

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