Cost of Coexisting with a Relict Large Carnivore Population: Impact of Apennine Brown Bears, 2005-2015.

With the exception of some year-to-year variability, we did not detect a decreasing trend in bear damages across the study period, which is contrary to our prediction (H5) and to what would be expected under forms of adaptive management of compensation schemes [ 6 , 48 , 49 ].

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