Instrumental Heterogeneity in Sex-Specific Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization: Empirical Results From the Relationship Between Anthropometric Traits and Breast/Prostate Cancer.

Nearly all these estimated genetic correlations are substantially larger than 0 ( H 01 : ρ g = 0) but less than 1 ( H 02 : ρ g = 1) ( Figure 1A ); the only exception is the genetic correlation of HIP between males and females, which is marginally significant ( ρ ^ g = 0.919 and P = 0.076 for H 02 ).

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