Hosts elevate either within-clutch consistency or between-clutch distinctiveness of egg phenotypes in defence against brood parasites.

The interaction between combinatorial distinctiveness and parasitism status became marginally non-significant when we incorporated a phylogenetic correction ( p = 0.07) and used resampled data ( p = 0.07), and was not significant when species parasitized elsewhere in Africa were treated as parasitized or when the outliers P. mahali and E. axillaris were removed (electronic supplementary material, table S3).

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