At the start of the pandemic, we observed a nearly 20% increase in COVID-19 cases by town associated with one standard deviation increase in the percentage of town residents identifying as Latinx, but the strength of this positive association varied over time, with a decreasing association from April to September and an uptick in the association in the last phase of our model (September 3rd to October 29th). We observed a decreasing trend in the association between percent of the town population older than 80 years and the number of long-term care facility beds per town per capita with COVID-19 incidence, indicating that the presence of older residents and institutional care facilities in a town had a stronger association with incidence in the early, but not the later, periods of the study.
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Time-varying associations between COVID-19 case incidence and community-level sociodemographic, occupational, environmental, and mobility risk factors in Massachusetts.
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