Adaptive and maladaptive expression plasticity underlying herbicide resistance in an agricultural weed.

The pattern of adaptive plasticity was also evident for gene expression in samples collected at 8 hours after spray, where 44 out of 56 genes with plastic and evolved responses showed adaptive plasticity (binomial p = 2 × 10 −5 ), and marginally significant at 32 hours after spray, where 44 of 71 genes with significant adaptive and plastic responses exhibited adaptive plasticity (binomial p = 0.057, Fig.

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