New loci and neuronal pathways for resilience to heat stress in cattle.

Notably, even after fitting the lead SNP in a conditional GWAS analysis, there were still other somewhat significant ( p < 1E–05) SNPs remaining for the HTFYslope trait (though not very strong signals; Fig. 2 ), suggesting that they could be other QTLs for heat tolerance, which were not captured by the lead SNPs identified in the study.

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Of interest was the conditional GWAS analysis on chromosome 14, since the highly significant QTL around 0.5 Mb harbours the DGAT1 gene and the HSF1 (heat shock factor 1) gene, for which the latter has been linked to thermotolerance in Holstein cattle in different countries, including Australia 13 , and the USA 14 .

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