fell short of significancep = 0.271
actinomycetemcomitans bacteria counts showed a tendency to decrease, but this difference fell short of significance between the probiotic-treated and the control groups (SMD: −0.16; 95% CI: −0.45–0.13; p = 0.271) with no significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.650).