COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality.

For infection rate, distance from the epicenter was the strongest predictor with a highly significant regression coefficient ( P < 0.001, Fig. 6 C) and generated an adjusted R 2 value of 0.60 when considered as a sole contributor of the model ( Fig. 6 B); the adjusted R 2 value increased to 0.71 following the inclusion of PM 2.5 in the model, which also had a significant regression coefficient ( P < 0.001; Fig. 6 B, C).

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For population density and ethnicity (African American or Hispanic American) median values showed a decreasing trend from cluster 1 to cluster 3 , while an opposite trend was observed for age and distance from the epicenter ( Fig. 3 ).

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