Plasma levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus associate with early diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy.

16 Thus, another study reported that NGAL was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in a U-shaped mode as well as a highly significant nonlinear correlation of NGAL with creatinine, cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). 17 Given these considerations, we hypothesised that high plasma levels of MMP-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 as well as NGAL can be related to chronic microvascular complications in individuals with type 1 diabetes, such as diabetes nephropathy and diabetes neuropathy.

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