highly significantp < .001
3.1 Retrospective analysis The GOF test was highly significant (χ 2 = 166.60, df = 46, p < .001), and both transience and trap dependence were also highly significant (χ 2 = 73.30, df = 7, p < .001 and χ 2 = 30.31, df = 6, p < .001, respectively), suggesting strong capture heterogeneity (Pradel et al., 2005 ).