Cryptocurrencies and oil price shocks: A NARDL analysis in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fifth, the Wald test for short-term symmetry shown in the sixth column of Table 2 , Table 3 , Table 4 indicates that the null hypothesis of short-term symmetry ( H 0 : γ i + = γ i ˗ ) is rejected by all cryptocurrencies for demand shocks ( Table 3 ) since all of them show positive and highly significant coefficients at the 1% significance level, and taking into account that for Tether there is no information.

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