Furthermore, the highly significant and positive associations between endothelial activation, Syndecan-1, and parasite biomass (PvLDH) indicate a positive feedback loop between glycocalyx breakdown, activation of endothelial receptors such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and parasite accumulation in deep tissues.
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Total parasite biomass but not peripheral parasitaemia is associated with endothelial and haematological perturbations in <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> patients.
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