Analyzing the Influence of Wine and Beer Drinking, Smoking, and Leisure Time Screen Viewing Activity on Body Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study in Germany.

First Stage—Smoking Behavior and Frequent Wine/Beer Drinking The estimation of the correlation coefficient ρ for the female subsample was highly significant, suggesting that unobservable factors that were positively related to smoking were also positively linked to frequent wine and beer consumption in women ( ρ = 0.212, p < 0.01) ( Table 3 ).

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Smoking impact was also heterogeneous across the BMI distribution in both genders and smokers’ BMI followed an increasing trend, especially in the upper quantiles of the distribution.

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