borderline significantp < 10
Of the ten SNPs for which IPD and PCSS models disagreed, nine occurred when one approach found a SNP to have a significant effect while the other found it to have a borderline significant effect ( α ≤ p < 10 α ). 4 Discussion We have developed a method that approximates the covariance of products of phenotypes with other variables using only bivariate and univariate pre-computed summary statistics (PCSS).