On the other hand, a decreasing trend in annual carbon emissions was observed in the continents of South Africa, Asia, and South America, which include developing and least-developed countries, as well as Antarctica and Oceania. 3.3 Changes in annual CO 2 emissions at country and city levels Fig. 6 shows the differences in annual carbon emissions (g C m −2 yr −1 and Mt C yr −1 ) between 2016 and 2019 and between 2019 and 2020 in the selected 47 countries ranked in descending order.
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