Spatial and temporal characteristics of drought and its correlation with climate indices in Northeast China.

PLoS One · 2021 · PMC8601439 · PMID 34793494

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

The Z -statistic can be calculated by: (13) Z = { S − 1 V a r ( S ) S > 0 0 S = 0 S + 1 V a r ( S ) S < 0 A positive value of Z represents an increasing trend and a negative value of Z represents a decreasing trend.

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a nonsignificant trendno p-value reported

We looked for a significant upward or downward trend at the 90%, 95%, and 99% significance levels or a nonsignificant trend as shown by the Z -statistic values given by MK and the Q med values of Sen’s slope estimator.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.